{"id":2287,"date":"2013-10-16T19:16:08","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T19:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avaldsnes.info\/?page_id=2287"},"modified":"2022-11-24T11:39:22","modified_gmt":"2022-11-24T11:39:22","slug":"kongshaugen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/avaldsnes.info\/en\/forskning\/kongshaugen\/","title":{"rendered":"Kongshaugen (King’s Hill)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Text Marit Synn\u00f8ve Vea<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kongshaugen<\/a>

Kongshaugen (King’s Hill) is a height just soutwest of St Olaf’s Church. (Photo Gunnar Str\u00f8m)<\/p><\/div>\n

KONGSHAUGEN (KING\u2019S HILL) \u2013 D\u00c5PSHAUGEN (BAPTISM HILL)<\/strong>
\nKongshaugen (King\u2019s Hill\/Hight) is situated southwest of St Olaf\u2019s church. Some believe that this outstretched height got the name Kongshaugen because Augvald, the kings who gave his name to Avaldsnes, was buried here. Others assume that one of the buildings of the royal manor was located at the height, and that this is the cause of the name.<\/p>\n

Kongshaugen has an alternate name; D\u00e5pshaugen (Baptism Hill). According to local traditions, Kongshaugen was the site of the royal court\u2019s assembly (Thing), where Olav Tryggvason baptised the first people of Rogaland in 997.<\/p>\n

Through the ages there have been varying theories suggesting that Kongshaugen may have been a place for a burial mound, a building or an assembly site. People knew that there was once a bauta in the middle of the height. Some casual finds have also appeared at Kongshaugen. Among these are \u201ca Simple sword of iron\u201d from the Viking Age and a beautiful gold pendant from the late Roman period.<\/p>\n

\"Sjakter<\/a>

Test trenches at Kongshaugen. (Sketch by Henriette Hafsaas og Olle Hemdorff)<\/p><\/div>\n

During the spring ploughing at Kongshaugen in 1934, the farm workers found stones, which the vicar Skadberg thought might be traces after an old house. In the same autumn, Jan Petersen, director of the Archaeological Museum in Stavanger, carried out a short survey on the spot. Petersen’s conclusion was that the stone paving he found was not from a building but from a burial site of large dimensions.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geo-radar survey in 2002<\/strong>
\nA geo-radar survey of Kongshaugen was carried out in the autumn of 2004. This revealed a rectangular area, which appeared to be a flattened man-made plateau of stones, presumably the foundations of a building. The geo-radar survey also implied that there was a collection of stones at the midst of the height.<\/p>\n

Archaeological test- excavations in 2005\/2006<\/strong>
\nIn 2005\/2006 Archaeological Museum in Stavanger conducted test excavations at Kongshaugen.
\nMetal detectors were used prior to the test-excavations but was unable to find any objects from prehistoric or medieval times. When this was done, we made some test trenches by using an excavator to take away the upper layer of the turf.<\/p>\n

The investigations revealed several burials on Kongshaugen. Among these were an unopened burial cairn from the Iron Age, a boat grave from the Viking Age and a large circular burial site from the Roman Period, in which a woman from the Viking Age later had been buried. None of the graves, except the last one, was opened.<\/p>\n

\"Dei<\/a>

The three burials on the northern part is located on a peak, with good visability towards the Karmsund strait and other famous monuments in the area. (Photo \u00d8rjan Iversen)<\/p><\/div>\n

THE NORTHERN PART OF KONGSHAUGEN. TRENCH 3<\/strong>
\nThree burials were found on the northern part of Kongshaugen. They all appeared to be intact. None of the burials were opened. The burials had not been registered before, but Thomas Kvalevaag (born 1919) seemed to remember that there was a burial mound no longer visible, in the northern part of Kongshaugen. (Topographic Archive)<\/p>\n

The three burials are located on a peak, with good visibility towards the Karmsund strait. There is also a good view towards other famous monuments in the area: Flagghaugen, Kjellarhaugen, Rehaugane, Gr\u00f8nhaug, Storhaug, Salhushaugen and De Fem D\u00e5rlige Jomfruer.<\/p>\n

Burial cairn, Iron Age<\/strong>
\nA circular burial cairn was located at the highest point of Kongshaugen. The burial cairn had a diameter of 10 m. Approximately 20 cm of turf and cultivated soil was removed. The cairn, built mostly from local slate, seemed to be intact and dates back to the Iron Age.<\/p>\n

\"In<\/a>

Archaeologists are examinating the boat burial (Photo \u00d8rjan Iversen)<\/p><\/div>\n

Boat burial<\/strong>
\nA boat burial was found adjacent to the burial cairn. The boat burial must be younger than the burial cairn, presumably from the Viking Age. Some of the nails were found lying in a line, as if they were lying along the ribbing of the boat.<\/p>\n

Only a few of the nails gave a signal when we used the metal detectors, suggesting that the magnetic iron had fallen victim of corrosion. The boat grave showed no signs of having been tampered with and appeared to be intact. It is believed to have been constructed between 600 and 900 AD.<\/p>\n

Flat grave<\/strong>
\nA flat grave was found close to the boat burial. No nails were found in this grave, suggesting another form of unburned burial. The flat grave is believed to be from the period 600-900 AD.<\/p>\n

\"Sirkelforma<\/a>

Circular burial site with several secondary cremation burials and a Viking grave. (Photo Marit S. Vea)<\/p><\/div>\n

THE SOUTHERN PART OF KONGSHAUGEN. TRENCH 4<\/strong>
\nAt the southern part of Kongshaugen there was a circular burial site of stones. The circular stone setting also contained cremated bones from secondary graves and a female Viking Age burial. Written sources tell us that stones were removed from this burial site in the 1800s. It was then found “a simple iron sword”. Jan Petersen also conducted a short survey at this site in 1934.<\/p>\n

Circular stone setting \u2013 with a primary burial from the Roman Age<\/strong>
\nThe circular burial site had a diameter of between 17 \u2013 20 m. It was not excavated, so we assume that the central burial chamber is still underneath the stones. The main grave is probably from the late Roman period.<\/p>\n

It was hoped that the entire paved area would be uncovered in 2005, but unfortunately time ran out. The northeast corner was not uncovered, neither the boundary of the burial to the west of the site.<\/p>\n

\"Grava<\/a>

The ” Viking woman with the thunderstone” was burried in a cairn placed in an old burial site from the Roman Age. (Photo: Am, UiS)<\/p><\/div>\n

Secondary cremation burials <\/strong>
\nOn the circular pavement\u2019s outer edge to the south, we found charred human remains, believed to be the result of secondary burials. Both cremated and unburned graves were laid under stone cairns in the Roman period. Cremated graves on the edge of a burial site indicate that people were in awe of the person who was buried in the central grave, i.e. the person for whom the grave was originally made.<\/p>\n

Secondary burial from the Viking Age<\/strong>
\nJust to the west of the stone paving, a secondary burial measuring 1,8 m x 0,8 m was discovered. This is believed to be the grave that was robbed during the 19th century, where “a simple iron sword” was found. For this reason, people believed that the person buried here was a man.<\/p>\n

Three glass pearls were found in the grave during the surveys in 2005. The subsequent excavations in 2006 revealed a further seven glass pearls, suggesting that the secondary grave had been occupied by a woman who lived in the Viking Age. When she died, she was buried in a cairn placed inside an old burial site stemming from the Roman Age.<\/p>\n

\"I<\/a>

In the female Viking burial there were a greenstone axe from the Stone Age and 10 glass pearls. (Photo Terje Tveit, AmS)<\/p><\/div>\n

The iron sword that was found in the 19th century might have been a weaving sword for a woman. A weaving sword made of iron indicates that the person buried was of high social status.<\/p>\n

A thunderstone with magical powers<\/strong>
\nA greenstone axe from the Stone Age (9000 \u2013 4000 BC) was also found in the grave. This axe seemed to be part of the burial treasure and was presumably placed in the grave along with the woman because of the magical powers such axes were believed to hold. The Vikings were particularly superstitious and often placed Stone Age axes, known as “thunderstones” (tordenkiler) in the graves. They believed that these thunderstones came from the lightening created by the god Thor as he hurled his hammer Mj\u00f6lnir around in the sky during thunderstorms.<\/p>\n

Why was the woman equipped with a “magical” stone axe? Was there a belief that the axe would protect her on her journey to the next world? Or was the axe meant to protect those still living and ensure that the women did not return to haunt them as a ghost?<\/p>\n

\"Hengesmykke<\/a>

Gold pendant found in 1940. (Photo Ole Jacob Worraa<\/p><\/div>\n

20 carat gold ingot<\/strong>
\nTowards the end of the surveys in 2005 the whole paved area was again examined with a metal detector. The device indicated a detection of gold towards the perimeter. The removal of a stone revealed a small gold ingot, measuring 14 mm in length, 4 mm wide and 3 mm in thickness. The ingot was an alloy of gold, silver and copper, with a gold content of 20 carats.<\/p>\n

The gold ingot must have arrived at Kongshaugen as part of the earth mass placed on top of the paved area as this was not covered by earth until 1840. We have knowledge of gold ingots from discoveries of depots and it is possible that the gold ingot found at Kongshaugen could originally have belonged to an underground depot from another part of Avaldsnes. Or perhaps the ingot was originally the raw material for one of the goldsmiths who had a workshop at Avaldsnes in the Kuhaugen area?<\/p>\n

The closest parallel to the gold ingot found at Kongshaugen is the one found at Fyn in Denmark. This one was from 500 AD. Another gold ingot, weighing 18 carats, was found at Ferkingstad on Karm\u00f8y and was dated at around the Roman\/Migration Period (200 \u2013 550 AD).<\/p>\n

\"Det<\/a>

At Kongshaugen there were also postholes after several buildings. (Photo Marit S. Vea)<\/p><\/div>\n

In 1940 a beautiful pendant of gold was found on the western slope of Kongshaugen. The pendant has been dated to the late Roman period. It might be a deposit, but has also been considered as emanating from a destroyed female burial. This pendant shared an identical gold content as the gold ingot also found at Kongshaugen.<\/p>\n

Traces of settlement<\/strong>
\nFrom the midst of Kongshaugen and southwards there were found postholes. These are believed to be remnants of buildings and lie in a north \u2013 south orientation. The postholes suggest that there have been several houses here over a longer period og time. The postholes were not dated, but since it appear that the buildings continue under the circular paving, we believe them to be older than the actual burial site<\/p>\n

See report from the excavation:
\nAvaldsnesprosjektet. Registreringer av Kongshaug og Gloppe 2005,<\/i>\u00a0Ams. Henriette Hafsaas<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

WRITTEN SOURCES TELLING ABOUT KONGSHAUGEN<\/strong>
\nExtracts from old articles:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Henriette<\/a>

Henriette shows us the gold ingot. (Photo Haugesunds Avis). Gullbarre funnet.<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Koren Christie 1842: Antiqvarisk-historisk Skitse af Augvaldsn\u00e6s. <\/strong>(Urda<\/em> II, s. 322-347):<\/strong>
\n\u201dStedet, hvor Augvald blev h\u00f8isat, har man antaget at v\u00e6re den mellem 3 og 4 hundrede Skridt vestenfor Augvaldsn\u00e6s Pr\u00e6stegaardsbygninger beliggende lange, lave Bjergryg, som endnu ofte ben\u00e6vnes Kongshougen, paa hvis Midte findes en Stump af en liden, halvomfalden Bautasten, som kanske aldrig var Bauta,<\/strong> og hvor f\u00f8r lenger syd saaes en Steenring, en Tingkreds<\/strong>, men som Oldtidsmindernes skaansell\u00f8seste Fiende Ploven har forstyrret\u201d, s. 326.<\/p>\n

\u201dEfter Snorre stode da Bautastene, altsaa mindst to, ved Augvalds Grav. Men Spor af mere end en s\u00f8ger man forgj\u00e6ves paa Kongshougen, og selv dette er usikkert, ligesom helleringen <\/strong>Beskrivelse af denne Houg leder til en saadan Antagelse, idet mindste ikke mig bekjendt. Dersom der da nogetandetsteds n\u00e6rved findes eller har v\u00e6ret at finde de af Snorre omtalte<\/p>\n

\u201dBautastene,\u201d saa har man, ialfald naar ogsaa andre bestyrkende Omst\u00e6ndigheder komme til, Grund til heller at s\u00f8ge Augvaldsh\u00f8ien der, end paa Kongshougen\u201d, s. 327.<\/p>\n

\u201dDenne Kongshoug kan nu if\u00f8lge det her udledede Resultat ikke b\u00e6re sit Navn efter Kong Augvald, og det er ved en ren Forveksling af denne og Flaghougen, at Kirkedepartementet i sin vidtudbredte \u201dVeiledning til at l\u00e6re at l\u00e6se Haandskrivt\u201d af Hr. Provst Bruns Fund i Denne slutter til Augvalds Begravelse i hin.<\/p>\n

Hvad der paa Kongshaugen er fundet, indskr\u00e6nker sig n\u00e6sten alene til et simpelt Jernsv\u00e6rd,<\/strong> som udgroves af Tingkredsens Midte deroppe. Skal her endelig v\u00e6re en Kongegrav, saa er maaske en af Augvalds \u00c6tlinge her jordet\u201d, s. 332.<\/u><\/p>\n

\u201dHj\u00f8r, Hj\u00f8rleif, eller en af deres Efterkommere kan da v\u00e6re begravet paa Kongshougen, hvis vi endelig skulle s\u00f8ge dens Navn af en Drots H\u00f8is\u00e6ttelse her. Men Saadant er vel un\u00f8digt; det hidr\u00f8rer rimeligst derfra, at Kongerne, som den for kort Tid siden endnu synlige Tingkreds viser, her holdt Ting, og navnlig vel fra Olaf Trygvesens Tid, da han 997 her paa Tinge christnede Rogal\u00e6nderne (Rygerne) og d\u00f8bte dem, hvorfor Kongshougen endnu, som meldt, stundom kaldes Daabshougen\u201d, s. 333.<\/p>\n

N. Nicolaysen 1862 – 1866 . (Norske fornlevninger)<\/strong>
\n“Vestenfor kirken er en naturlig forh\u00f8yning kallet Kongshaugen; – og et stykke vestenfor prestegaarden en lav haug, hvorpaa det stod en sterkt hellende bautasten<\/strong> som blev borttagen 1861 – 1863; den stod s\u00e5 dypt nede i jorden, at den m\u00e5tte slaaes i stykker for at faaes bort.\u00a0 Likeledes vestenfor prestegaarden oppdagedes 1863, under et tynnt jordlag, en temmelig udstrakt brolegning af firkantede, temmelig store tett sammensluttende stene med den flade side oppad, og saaledes at der, som det syntes, var et dobbelt lag av saadanne stene.”<\/p>\n

J. Petersen 1934: Innberetning om reise til Avaldsnes 20-22\/11-34. (Topografisk arkiv, AmS)<\/strong>
\n\u201dUnder et opphold i Bergen april d.\u00e5. ble jeg av sogneprest Skadberg i Avaldsnes anmodet om \u00e5 legge veien hjem om Avaldsnes, da man hadde funnet noe som s\u00e5 ut som restene av et hus. Jeg reiste da innom Avaldsnes p\u00e5 tilbakeveien. Det var 12\/4.<\/p>\n

Her var der vestenfor presteg\u00e5rden en bergh\u00f8yde dekket med et jordlag, den strakte seg syd-nord og gikk under navnet Kongshaugen. Man hadde pl\u00f8yet og dyrket der i mange \u00e5r, og nu holdt man p\u00e5 \u00e5 pl\u00f8ye igjen. Det s\u00e5 da ut som her l\u00e5 to rekker av steiner \u00f8st-vest, p\u00e5 tvers av h\u00f8yden, som de kunne danne grunnmurene til langveggene i et hus. Det ble da avtalt at jeg skulle komme tilbake til h\u00f8sten, n\u00e5r innh\u00f8stingen var over og foreta unders\u00f8kelse.<\/p>\n

Det ble ikke f\u00f8r slutten av november at denne unders\u00f8kelse fant sted. Det ble da avdekket et omr\u00e5de 20 m.l. og 6 m.b., der ble dog gravet helt til 11 m. i bredde. Her l\u00e5 ganske tett med steiner i bunnen, men det var ikke mulig \u00e5 f\u00e5 det til at det kunne ha v\u00e6rt grunnmur til veggene i et hus. Det er derimot mulighet for at her engang har ligget en steinr\u00f8ys, kanskje en gravr\u00f8ys<\/strong>. I 1842 skriver J.L. Christie i Urda II om Kongshaugen og sier at her skal ha ligget en steinkreds hvor der var funnet et sverd, men han nevner intet om at her skulle ha ligget et hus. Vi kan sikkert helt slutte at der ingen sannsynlighet er for at der her har ligget noe hus.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201dDet var ikke murene fra kongsgaarden\u201d.\u00a0 (Dagbladet, 22\/11 1934)<\/strong>
\n\u201dTirsdag begynte museumsdirekt\u00f8r Jan Petersen arbeidet med aa avdekke en del av Kongshaugen paa Avaldsnes for aa bringe paa det rene om den fremsatte formodning at stensetningene der kunne v\u00e6re rester av murene til Avaldsnes Kongsgaard. Arbeidet blev avsluttet igaar.<\/p>\n

Museumsdirekt\u00f8ren oplyser en av vaare medarbeidere at der ved unders\u00f8kelse som er foretatt er avdekket omkring 100 kv.meter av Kongshaugen, og der viser sig sten like op i dagen over hele dette areal. Der er dog ingen antydning til murer. Det hele ser noksaa rotet ut og dette kommer vel av at plogen har gaatt over jordet, at der er blitt arbeidet med jorden, og at man har kj\u00f8rt bort sten derfra gjennem tidene. Det er idetheletatt vanskelig aa si hvad dette kan v\u00e6re, uttaler direkt\u00f8ren, men det er mulig at det er rester av en bronsealderstenr\u00f8is.\u201d<\/p>\n

Last update November 22<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Text Marit Synn\u00f8ve Vea KONGSHAUGEN (KING\u2019S HILL) \u2013 D\u00c5PSHAUGEN (BAPTISM HILL) Kongshaugen (King\u2019s Hill\/Hight) is situated southwest of St Olaf\u2019s church. Some believe that this outstretched height got the name Kongshaugen because Augvald, the kings who gave his name to Avaldsnes, was buried here. Others assume that one of the buildings of the royal manor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":7,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nKongshaugenKongshaugen (King's Hill) - Avaldsnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tekst Marit Synn\u00f8ve Vea KONGSHAUGEN - D\u00c5PSHAUGEN H\u00f8gdedraget Kongshaugen ligg vest for Olavskyrkja. 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